Like all Cathelicidins, has antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal and has been shown to reduce inflammation. Research has also shows that its effect against certain cancers and encourages blood vessel growth in specific settings.
 
Antimicrobial Activity: LL-37 exhibits broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi by disrupting their membranes. It is particularly effective against pathogens like Staphylococcus epidermidis, reducing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, which is significant for preventing infections in medical devices. It also shows antiviral effects against viruses like influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus.
Wound Healing and Immune Modulation: LL-37 promotes wound healing by stimulating reepithelialization and angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation). It modulates inflammation by attracting immune cells like neutrophils and monocytes to infection sites and enhances immune responses through interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLR7/8/9).
Challenges and Potential: While promising as an alternative to conventional antibiotics due to increasing resistance, LL-37 faces challenges like cytotoxicity and low stability in physiological environments. Techniques like peptide immobilization and delivery systems are being explored to enhance its stability and efficacy, particularly for wound care and medical device applications.